HIV prevention research, primarily through biomedical means, has been a significant area of focus for BHP. BHP has participated in multi-site randomized trials of HIV vaccines, treatment-as-prevention (HPTN 052, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1600693), and long-acting antiretroviral prophylaxis (HPTN 084, https://www.hptn.org/news-and-events/announcements/hptn-084-study-demonstrates-superiority-of-injectable-cabotegravir-to). BHP led (with the Ministry of Health and Wellness, US CDC and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health) a collaborative community-randomized trial of universal community-based HIV testing, active linkage to HIV care, and universal treatment (BCPP or Ya Tsie). This trial showed that it was possible to rapidly achieve UNAIDS "95-95-95" community-wide HIV testing/treatment/viral suppression targets and to significantly reduce the community incidence of HIV (by more than 30%) and that doing so was highly cost-effective (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=botswana+combination+prevention+project).