Prof. Roger Shapiro is an Associate Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health in Boston, and an Infectious Disease physician at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. He has been working with the Botswana-Harvard Partnership since 1999 on studies to prevent mother-to- child HIV transmission (PMTCT) and to improve pregnancy outcomes and childhood survival. In Botswana, he has led randomized clinical trials to evaluate optimal antiretroviral strategies for PMTCT at delivery and during breastfeeding; a randomized trial to study the efficacy of prophylactic cotrimoxazole among HIV exposed uninfected infants; nationwide surveillance studies to evaluate the mechanisms by which antiretrovirals impact adverse birth outcomes; an ongoing clinical trial of early antiretroviral treatment to improve clinical outcomes in HIV-infected infants; and an ongoing study of broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV treatment in children.